【过去分词作定语】在英语语法中，过去分词可以用来修饰名词或代词，起到定语的作用。这种用法在句子中非常常见，能够使语言更加简洁、自然。过去分词作定语时，通常表示被动或完成的意义，有时也表示状态。
一、过去分词作定语的用法总结
| 用法类型 | 说明 | 例子 |
| 被动意义 | 表示动作的承受者 | The book written by him is very popular. |
| 完成意义 | 表示动作已经发生 | The problem solved yesterday was difficult. |
| 状态描述 | 描述名词的状态 | The door closed tightly. |
| 与现在分词的区别 | 过去分词强调被动或完成，现在分词强调主动或进行 | The developed country vs. the developing country |
二、使用规则与注意事项
1. 位置：过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后，即后置定语。
- 例：The man seen at the party is my teacher.
2. 单数形式：过去分词作定语时不随被修饰词变化，保持原形。
- 例：The broken glass needs to be cleaned.
3. 与形容词的区别：有些过去分词可以作形容词使用，但它们的含义不同。
- 例：The excited boy vs. The exciting story
4. 省略主语：过去分词作定语时，常省略主语，因此多用于书面语。
- 例：The written instructions are clear.
三、常见搭配与表达
| 过去分词 | 常见搭配 | 例句 |
| written | written word, written test | The written exam is tomorrow. |
| read | read book, read article | I have a read book on history. |
| known | well-known, newly known | She is a well-known singer. |
| done | done job, done work | The done task is ready. |
| made | made cake, made decision | The made decision was surprising. |
四、总结
过去分词作定语是英语中一种重要的语法现象，它不仅丰富了句子的表达方式，还能准确传达动作的被动或完成状态。掌握其用法和规则，有助于提高英语写作和阅读理解的能力。通过对比分析和实际例句练习，可以更熟练地运用这一语法点。
